Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 AN EXTENSIVE CONFERENCE OF THE COMMITTEE ON ACOUSTICS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USSR author: B. D. Tartakovsld.y S~uxce; Uspekhi k'i.zicheskilcA Nauk, Uol XLIV, No 11 (Aug 51)~ pages 636-6)44 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 kW E CONStJL~TATION OF 2HE C0i4d1 ON ACOUSTICS QF THE ACAUFA~[Y OF SCIEPICES USSR su~.~ extended can ears an :i. to Febaua~"Y of this y Prom Sciences , ousta.C$ o the Academy of Ac scion on Commi Cation of the tion acaus USSR, cal and mensura blems of P devoted to the Pro The agenda of the consultation ace . ad. in Lena.nxg ~. p tics, took 1 read -.. b reports and communic atsans ere was rather browdr sesa~? ~.an, part of them in the slions he Plenary art of them in t ec .. p ?. eotx~C1tY and electro usti .e ZOeI of the s echo ? aco evot ,P .. o a people ar tics. P cal apparatus ~d ed to P~. than 11.5 and measurements. More tatiao.. onsul ted in the C ' oductary remarks, N. N. Andrey~a Chairman of Iii his intr he Of the Academy pointed 5Si0fl on Acoustics,orresponding Member o 11. ~r0E11S1 ~ S onsu1tat.Ori wa ~. , out the fact that the c of 5c? .ences USSR, o o Y each e ucta.meld f th mind o esh in opening with the memory still fresh in mind of the untimelY death 1 fr ~. Academy of Sciences USSR Sergey Tvanov,ch Vava. President of the of the o of public .lov, nt~.st of wide renovan, a man 'eat ubla.c active. a scie . Prtici of science. He reminded the a Pant-t or ana.zex and an ~ ,CS .es, t~, ~.dered a Cpu8t1 ov?ch cons ~. ion that SergeY Ivan ultat n the cons i Tt is and promoted its develoP great to be of r eat importance went. n a.mpossa a Ivario-? ?d N. N. Andreyev, "that Set g?ble to forget," say oust~.as under him ac of the Academy vich was ~' dent the first P r85 ~ e s." began making great rogr s P i Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 The asaemb1Gf1 honored the memozy p? the eaDIOUS scientist and physicist by ri9l.ng? The fixat plenary aeesion wsa denoted principally to re- ports pertaining to the field of physical acoustics. Corresponding Member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences A. A. Kharke~rich, in his report entitled "Spectre and Anel;Tais", gave a brief resume of the contents of a book under the same title now ready for publication. The author emphasized the necessity for incorporating the theory of spectra with the theory of the physical methods of harmonic analysis, in connection jth Hthe e dwelt development of a series of special branches of industry. briefly on some selected problems such as the connection between the duration of the signal and the width of its spectrum band, per- taining to the theory of apgctra; on resonance in the presence of varying frequency of the 00mpe113ng'f0r0 e; and on the analysis of single impulses with the aid of resonators, pertaining to the theory of analysis. Among other things, the speaker noted the inaccuracy of the cornrentional treatment of the frequencg modulation altitude finder, pointing out that the spectral ranges of the broadcast and the re- fleeted signal are the same as a result of which it is impossible to obtain a gradually changing differential frequency. In. the discussion that followed the report, G. S. Gorelik and others disagreed with the opinion of the speaker concerning Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 the inaccuracy of the conventional treatment of the operating principle of the altitude finder, having observed the slow rate of frequency modulation as compared to the change in the devia- tion of frequency. A. A. Khsr'kevich argued by pointing out that although there ie no sharp contradiction between the exis- ting theory and the empirical data available, the theory is at31l wrong in principle. The radio altitude-finder furnishes not a continuous, but s staggered reading of frequency, which cannot be explained by elementary theory. In a report on the "Analysis ns" A, V. Rimski of Oscxll.atio ~' Korsakov posed the o he characteristics of of determining t problem the spectral composition of the non-Periodicity oscillation pro-' cesse$. The speaker suggested the introduction of the concept of the so-'called "flowing ectxum n which represents a spectral s P s from the be-' notion of the oscillating process, which elapsed fu g Praces , having ginning to the moment of observation, ~ theo.- efin~.tion of the spectral function ret~,call such a d permits the of full. conformity r between the Fourier, Bromwich , establishment and Duna l me integrals. Practically, such a condition determines the applicability 1i limit systems for analyzers of vars. for the purpose the analysis of non-periodicity of Processes. Thus, a th losses registers only some fraction of real resonance system with part of the duration the flowing spectrum, corresponding to some ectrum registration de?- of the entire r c ss . This duration of P o e s process p ends an the character of the entire process, and can only be ap-? Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 proximately evaluated for the given hype of the resonance ana- lyzex. The magnitude of the spectrum regi8trat3,on time can be made definite, 31 a diffraction grid is used for the ana7.y33s. a; Ra 2 k Ideally, this should consist of a grid with the number of periods in proportion to the duration of the spectrum registra- tion. However, other errors linked to the resolving power will develop. In a report entitled "Visualization of Space-Modulated the Waves " S . N. Rzhevkn submitted the theoxY of the various types ~. out the analogy space-modulated waves, pointing gYY between the space-modulation of waves in a pipe of rectangular cross section and waves emitted by a fiat diffraction grid. He cited the re-s of the distribution of an energy current s . alts of a computation 1?n th 'da ng the presence of indicating the field of a diffraction grid, energy concentrations in a series of planes at certain predeter- mined distances from the grid the case being that the increase in the intensity in these planes is alternate an the lines lying non-permeable, then to the parts first to the n permeable opposite of the rid During experiments with supersonic waves con- acted grid. as the far back as 1939 by the author together with S. I. d Krechmer, photographs of such images of the diffraction grid were obtained. ned. The locations of these images were in agreement with the theory developed. The report of L M. B ekhovsk~. "On the Theory of Complete Internal contained the findings of the Reflection," 4 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 author pertaining to the d3aplaoement of sonic (or light) ~ay~ ~~-ve~ e~ c:tu14bqns in ~ of complete internal reflection. Par- ticularly, the effect of the d3.ap1aoemant of the rays upon the complete internal reflection of a spherical wave was analyzed. It suss ascertained that in this case a concentration of sonic energy occurs along some surface (c~uetie). Some new data were reported pertaining to the reflection of sonic waves from a hete- rogeneous layer in te~ce ~ sliding incidence. It was pointed out that in this case some substantial additions are re- qu3red in the conventional diagram of the refraction of rays. N. P1 In the discussion that followed, AndreYev noted that the conventional treatment of the phenomena of reflection and re- fraction always contained an element of cxxhowever, was constantly tradition, and only y now are b suppressed Y some theses appearing which give a correct physical explanation of these phenomena. L. A. Chernov reported on the ttDzffion of Sound on Fluc- tttat?onsrr out that in pure media an adiabatic fluctua- tions . no pointing a fluctuations are the d " ~..~fusion occurs, while isobaric cause of the diffusion of sound. The speaker also cited the results of a computation for the diffusion of sound upon the isobaric fluctuations of concentra- tion in solutions close critical temperature of the co~les-' to the era.cence of liquids and systems. Diffusion in pure media , dispersion so much the same: in all cassolutions, and heavy suspensions is Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 the difflzeed sound represents the superposition of the isotropic and dipolar emission. The intenaity of the diff"uaed sound is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wave length. oie; The deviations from the law of diffusion occur in pure ma- dia near the critical state, where they are stipulated by the sta- tistical ratio of fluatuat3ons. In heavy suspensions, the devia- tions are stipulated by relaxation processes. Diffusion has par- ticularly simple (isotropic) characteristic in the instance when the dispersed substance and the filler differ greatly in com- pressibility only. The Fh sico-chemical and biological y effect of ultrasounds was described by I. E. ElFfiner' who presented a summary of the re- suits of experimental research the effect of ultrasound upon living matter. He pointed out that uFerson g s is waves induce women.. to breaks in animal and vegetable ry ~. d cells and in microorganisms; these are accompanied by the extraction from the cells into the surrounding media of bia1o icallactive substances. ferments, g y toxins etc. However, with more protracted effects of ultrasound these extracted substances themselves dis?nte rate. Under the ef'- feet of supersonic waves, the ' large molecular albumin compounds are disa re aced and disintegrated into individual amino acids which are part of the albumin molecule. Investigations (together with I. V. Zborski. revealed that amino ' y acids of cyclic structure are disinte rated. During the u trasau primarily g 1 nd treatment, Iran- sitions of some amino acids into others were observed asFara r ginie acid was discovered in a histidine solution also the dl-. which asa hig117 important to poyymerization of nuoleinta acids, the metabolism of the cells. Resees'oh conduced in collaboration with B1yumefl.fel'd and Krasovitsk~y resealed the disintegratiofl ?f porp}lyrinic nucle~., as a result of which aimexubinr to 0jiverdifla, 3 and ind3.vidua~. nitrols appeared in the solution subacted .~~cic by u~.trasound. In the opinion of the speaker, the super- sonic waves induce oxidation and redu~ti?n pxocesaes, the case being that in the Presence of oxygen oxidatton processes pre- the sound-attacked dominate, while in the case of saturattofl ?avill take precedence. solution with hydrogen, reduction processes governed The chemical effect of the supersonic waves ie~ obviously g unsaturated free rad3- by the appe~'ance in the solution of valency- call and atomic hydrogen -^ the Products of fission of the mole- The fission is induced by the ionization of the cules of water. molecules arith free charges evolved in the cavitated nodules. Nine reports and cornmunications were heard at the session of the seation on electro?acoustical apparatus. M. A. Sapozhkov touched upon the problem of 1tMethod5 for the Mensuration of the Parameters and Char&e e ointad out that the hones, and Loringophones? H P phones ~icrap frequency charac- mity and present evaluation of the non-unifor of the that teristica about a horizontal line was not represent~g i~t c by it it is more logical to evaluate the frequency shares uadratic approximation of the departure from the trend (of the q the suggested the first or second order of magnitude) . The sp Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 the methods used at the present time. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 CIA-RDP82-000398000200050007-8 ntrod which the fre- "optimum txend e to et cone uct ~.a n of the P d be bxoght p? He noted that the canM houl s uency characteristic uu q txo~acau~ elec n of a svaluatg the linearity ~.n method of a.ana~. , . vent f ~'cently f ~. of su a y 't/w', t~.c is n feria tam by the chaxac s s ~' , ~,o of fined by the rat determ rather be hould hic~ and that it s a p t. ~ ~ .~- c r 4, ~,n. , effect. feria charac t3.c to the ~ a try t w of the he steepness s ~ He suggested that the mean values of the tip~t' be determined ericies a frequ coordinate axsa arithm nd in- oordi y both c scale b ~.c in to t ecessi y for raga' on brought out the n cussi The dis ns it ies . to Chad ..taken me weld. to the and p of mans uration methods, lata. ,, . n ~ c erist~.cs The ontrovers . erect of the kge ch ement for measur , t ? .-uniforms. y the of non n terming g for de estian f the sing o nature th n oted. elation to the tr end, was , erists.cs with r erect nc e freque y ch ui ed ?y p on the ttUse of a Revs, q I, M Pol konska. ?ce E pp s oke and 5 eec Noises p el of ?tar' for Measur~,ng the Lev ? Therms.s with a 1 value festive an of is to ?nce man ear rear the hu He noted that ss. of vided for sho sand ressur uld be pro e, it follows that a n indica s p are over a of the sound prasa the averaged value for measura.ng ecands . everal s erval s tad ts. rely me a.nt y rvtrac t? ~,vel p eofa speaker, with the us b elo ed y the The de vice dev p ant trth r ~ this circum- ~, ~ s e m. ~star, u has a n ade uat 1 y h?h time Can9t ~ q .h ws.~, ch r? ~,sta .cs aracte of frequency tad the obtains.n~ ?t stance p erms. ra ed ~n ta es and speacheve g a band f~. ,me. ? erta. ~.n noa.s r of c ~.te ~.~e ctex r, chars o f the speeke ? the oPa.ns.an s~ in er>rsts.c erect uch ch S er than e rel the f r q sable mann ?tti of and in a mor an so osa. e uency comp Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 described an electrical diagram permitting s direct count in bars of the mean of aloud-speaker, and of the non-uniformity Tnetallation for the Testing of Eleotro-aooustic Apparatus," The report by A. G. Muratov, "On the Universal Measuring . _ of the frequency characteristic in decibels -- on the scale of a ha* indicator. It also permitted the observation of the fre- quency characteristics of the electro-acouat3cal apparatus on the screen of a cathode-ray tube. The apparatus permits the direct measurement of the - r ,. coin-. electrical p resistance the mean and of the non?? 171 c.w/ ~tA14.~:tc; unif ormi,t 1 a pred termined range , and also the mea surement of non--linear distortjo ns. s eskers stem and o P Y f the value of t he acousta,e caeYficient of the frequen c of the mechania Y e l resonance of th e Portable lau d I. N, Stoy kov demo nstrated the fars t expera.mental model of a noise met? r, b AC:current Y with a d nam~.c ~ , y ran e of 35 to 14 decibel s a freq uency ran e of 10o t o 10 000 . It eras desi ned b the g Central Researc1 ~' ~ Piezoelectrz c Laborato r'Y A re ort b Yu P~ p Y , Sukharevski t forth a des r Y se e i tion of a "New Method of M easurin the Nfodu1u ~ s o.f E1ast zcxtY and the Decrement of Attu ? nuata.on of Mater ia1s.a In thz s method the saw called electromechana'cal n2-meteru ? erma,ts the determ~,n P ataon of these values of th e material tosto d within a range of frequencae s u to 100 kilo b P a of electri Y er~' cal measurements f 0 the Ca.. . y --V ---- ---- -___,.,, a N.ycuv~uGll"VYJ ~D?liT~b~ wnicn 1s in p1a~e~Ctt1 . acit and the fosse . sofa ~ t Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 contact with the sample of material being tasted, or wit}ja a mechanical system containing this sample. By the locatioa of +hn mev4mn~m rtaneci'bBriCe of 'Crk18 Aj.8Z0-quartz and by the _ ti'z. jfir,- z an magnitude of the minimum the reso-? ~ nance frequency of the entire system, which is linked to the mod- ulus of elasticity of the materiel being tested, and the lass resistance, which is linked to the decrement of attenuation of the material (' ), is determined. e~~s aluminum i0 , plexi- of 20 kilo ; glass On a frequency of longitudinal elasticity .. x 10 s Young's modulus 0 ~. 7 x l0 and other materials were tested. The modulus of shear attenuation for the modulus of shear G and the decrement of e cures, the cvarious temperatures p were measured under var Peratures and r s being that with a reduction temperature, the value of G for ? w ~.in rubber becomes sharply increased, w hale a change in pressure with in the gpressure causes no percep- 0 times atmospheric ran e of l tible effect. A N. poloskin communicated some data on the "Method of Automat and Telephonesa>n developed al of Microphones ~.c Plant Control Mate University on the Molotov S Ph sa. .~, b Physics of by the Department of Y '4 -fl-i the ~ee ate"" basis of the progress attained by wireless telegraphy. hin gaging and inspection, pre- For rapid cise , furnis g rapid and a s ~' of the redact being p ro er suitability n wets as to the p proper standard is made. The comparison wi tested, a with the calibrated Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 auvJg; of the electric signal at the outlet of the eleotro-acous- tical p&hwar--containing the with the of tie the inlet of the same specimen under test is compared calibrated standard signal which is fed to electro-acoustical The juxtapo- sition of the signals of the specimen being tested and of the cal. ? ibrated standard is effected in time I.e., signals from the inlet and outlet of the electra-acoustical pathway aontiuousl Y r+ ! YG and one following the other, ant er into the same tes- ting amplifying g ion of the devaca The counting relay in the device records the conclusion as to the suitability of the specimen being tested, following a certain numbs g , r of Individual readings, each of 0,2 seconds duration. I. I. Slavin reported Objective pP on Noise Meters Equipped with a scale of Natural n He o anted out that the decibel scale in existing no ass meters does not reflect the es ., a ', -s sence of the subjective . ~ o anclib.U,tYa perception and is ancom rehensible to the real p ma j of laymen. g J Y As a unit of tae -rY.,.c ~-s "; ,ij ad?bi?? scale the speaker suggested using the ~ level of 0 phones. The report also indicated that the presence an conventional noise meters of only three audio-frequency characteristics re suits in substantial errors of mensuration He described noise meters designed b the Laboratory for the by ~' Combat of Industrial Noises at the Leningrad wor~Lers Prot action Institute of the VTsSPS? these meters are equipped with a natural a udabalatY scale and audio-frequency characteristics, varying with ~ each 10 -decibel interval. T. I, S av 1 In also demonstrated a specimen of a noise Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 xnst~.~ ' ProteCtiOn (Lenthgxad sae ~C~ b tex d es~ ~nsd by L its greater tote y ha,ch was d3.st G~lorkers foreign makes by ~.n ,she d from ~ ~ cision, compactness and pre In ~.ng of the re? . r ead cuss~.o the da.s n that fold.owed oubts the as O ed~.encY to the exp port Yu. S kov expressed kris d ,..~ . to the scal.e. However, the major- . a 1 ans a,tion the tx ducta,on ants . new .an favored the intro ? .~ in the dascussy ity of the art.ca.p ~.on of e p of ect? ard~.ess of a.ts incomplet ref l scale reg such a new : au&ttaDY character the nThe Problems of Measur?ng the Micro- In a report entitled ~. vz. phonic Effect of Coal Powders,1i V. N. Fedora ?ch described some o of coal powder -- . methods wha. rura.ng the parameters original methods f a me a,~s t~.on ? ~.n m'~croPliones directly its funs ~.Y ?c h determine cient of modulation oeffa. its electrical ~.on a er e5:l,stance, its c pointed out itown nv~.se. The author poa resistance, and .ca ~. na. cha e powder and mechanical resistance of th the meCY .t1 the rat3.o between f this t o ffec a~ .. the and the e ? , ., of the ~ ti1~a~Lure the lower c of the microphones properties n~- 3 th . e H--. -1 ~ ce frequency' and j4tOf res onan the , era.st~ , aract ch ?t1v h the increase a.n sonic pressure) ? crease in sensa. gata.on of these parameters, their con- ~.tY~ means of p re , ? a ~nvest~ ~.ima.nrY with its degree with the structural state of the powder, wa.t ? w~. nectxon . nd it b other factors , has been established. moa.sture co ntent , a Thus, was demonstrated of direct experi- ~,ba.l~t Y t h ep oss a.ca1 trans- electxo~?acoast such as .nves f attars t.~ata.vn of mental a g Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 format3on8, which determine the function of the coal powder. The report was followed by a lively d3scuasion. ?c ?on on i ezoel~ectra itY heard five reports, The sect. p P A. Anan'ev tic Gage Microphone" reported on Y r. /I ; /et j ~ ? ammonium phosphate equipped crystal of with a .c rd microphone model 3 The stands ~.ectra !'PTEM..3n p iezae gage microphone has an abso of 24 microvolts per bar, ~.ute sensitivity ? .han t in ?th a non-uniformity wa.~, he range of 30 to 16,000 rte with ~ , an axial direction, ?bel. The diameter of the receiving of 1 decibel. to audio'fraquencies of to to s u ?llame r hence, p part A it is 1 ~ ma ~ a /0'V ~ ~the as a source micro hone may be considered 10 kilo~p 0 degrees Centigrade minus 3 ~'ade to is from The thermal gaging range plus 0 degrees Centigrade. The original so.-called "vacuum" capsule n ca sole of the microphone so.-called as moisture-proof, and provides for a high degree of continuous hzh ~ der insulation ?on. The microphone is equipped and stability in operation. viding for electrical contro with the aid providing with control later ro t p of the "coefficient ? 11 of the sensitivity and piezoelectric b and of p~.e l non-uniformity f ? ..fre uencY characteristic of the micro- o ~ phone within the entire e-a ? there frequency ear distortions range. Non-linear are practically absent, "?t 3.s possible to gage sonic pres- sures and a of several million bars. es of the order the microphone Y pointed "PIEM-3" may The speaker out that T be considered as a standard, the absolute sensitivItY of which can be determined dareet~~.v by the estimate of the P iezo- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 o~ thts m3.cro- the c$tThe deficiency electric c~naten'~~ ?f - o phone is ita lour aenajt'ity 3 to 0.5 O? a bar) and the necea 1i?i0ati.0n cascade. T i:t . the amp aity the resulof A report by v. p. Krasi1'nikw summarized Seignstte's Salt Moduli in Bars ?? ~~Meaeur~?ng~ of the Young n conducted in tartrate) in a Hy~amic Cycle, (Potassium sodium the by the a"~~1OT in collaborat on NIIFMGU AcouBt~~s LaboratoxY, the seona1 rod SheS+n by means of o? propagation of with L. A. Shuvalov and A. S. obtained on the V~~-ocity method . rTew data ~&S constants the values of the elasticity longitudinal waves a-~d on of Seignette's salts This data wi11 be published in the near future. of Method ,1C&1 o ~.n~ to the anon p exta of ~,ic In a comma met bed h de~crti the hod edorovbc ata,on . rement~ V. oun M easu acoustical V~.br t ~ tion by way of the at~,on v caY of a v .bra eta , asura.~ the e st~.u1ated by t1~a.s v~.br e P the sona-c p ressur m3.cro a-~ c to the s ~ at t the tra der to xe ven n prevent oneda., and also n~ of ~.ons or e fit to the surface r to prov&de a c~.as nsf er of the of the osc o in axle ~~. ped over the h e adapter is sP p ibl S f 1e~ bodY! n h a ~t nta e of s uc a o~.t ? device. imp gaging ~ ~.~.~ d~ra ~ oundes~u the sona.c Pr tube of the s ut he oss~.ba.l of iitng th ?- aus P ac ~ st ~. Y of the method v~.t etexminatton of the ensa.t the d xaduat~ons for e , g d dcv~.ce, which i to tends for the measurang of ?ca und~.ng d. ~o t~ tion . ibra r-5 v ~ t e charac . equencY ~ con fr w The author cited the elf Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 tics of the sensitivity of the acoustical sounding device -- the vibrometer; one of the charaotoriatica is obtained with the aid of a mechanical oscillation generator, and the other is computed on the basis of the acoustical sounding device gx'adu^- ationa which are worked out with relation to sonic pressure. The frequency characteristic of the sensitivity of the "acoustical v3.broraeter" is adequately uniform in the wide frequency range from 100 to 5000 . In the report by M. A. Cher Nova on the rrDomeshaped Structure of Seg'nete b accompanied by a t Crystals," a. rs Salt ?t was ?1m showing, shown that in cooling below . emata.c fe. g~ a. me.croce.n s g symmetry of the crystals of Sei netts Centigrade, the ~'ees Ce 2 de a.nlcf the case being ?c to monocl rhombic is transformed from salt c ~. tal is transformed into a po t Ysynhetic twin ry that the monocrys tal the components of which are the dome shaped cr3'stal faces s , ?ons, Under the effect of a concentrated of two orientations. load (pressure exerted by a sphere), there evolve in the crystals of or wedged mechanical twin for tots salt either elastic for- S?3.net g ed, The tude of the farce appli mations, depending upon the magnitude of the force applied. The .g u on the magni n m e enda. ent electrical field upon a twin a direct curt superposition te.on of crystal tat, the orientation orms the latter into a monocrys transf sign of the field and corres- of which p ponds, algebraic de depends on the . in the presence of different directions of the field, to . r the other component of the twin of either one o the orientation crystal. Lamina tan~ce.nova demonstrated nOscillations of Lamina V. P. Kons Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Made from Piezoelectric Textures" actuated by a sound generator. Q1eer ahladnitio formed upon the resonance frequercie8 of the oscillating 1a~nins'from the quartz sand thrown onto them The report also touched upon the method of preparation of piezoelectric texture lamina from Seignette's salt. "The Effect nd upon the Process of Crystalli- of Ultrasound zt~? .on ? " was studied by A P. Iiapusta.n in numerous tests. The a esker explained that with the aid of a priming tube a great sp n are evolved in a supercooled urober of new crystallization nuclei that with the molten mass under the effect of ultrasound, and intensity, of ultrasound the "lower threshold" attainment of the 1 ' zat~.on front progress is increased hundreds crystallization rate of the ry'stalls of times. increase i ~ the limits of the "highest The in inte+s' ~.tY beyond threshold" has no effect the further increase in the rate upon of crystallization. The substance which crystallizes in a super o structure and g sank fa.e a greater crushin ,~.d.has a finer grain strength. At the beginning on~ G. A. Gol'dber of the plenary session, g ~' ~p read a communication "he Wof the Prominent Soviet In- T on Ventor, c Sciences Ye end.Y Aleksandrovich Sholpo," Doctor of Arts and who died in 195 r to which Shatpo devoted 2~ years of idea t ~. Q? The w h? life was the development of an apparatus and methods that ~.s would ?t possible for the musician to prepare directly a make z Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 into the miaxoM t playing the music ono ~.c ~'am thau t h Ynthe s p would open up trsmendaurs ~.c recording of mus Synthetic P hone. of the means act for the expansion un3,t~.erg a ort r Y invited p ~.call unlimited p p initially involves s nunb of musical expression, but it , number of vario Shol o device .. the n p serious hone~' ~? f~.cu~.ties. The p d~.~' n the limits of a sound ecordin,withi x optical Is a camera for track -f i of several narrower sound tracks to carre- ne ~.m! of a ci in the ants involved instxum d to the number of voices or apon usic. Two diaphragms are placed in the of a ray from a m cont One of these is a screen w~.tri a source of light. ~.nu ous sou changes in the triangular cut induces cut-out which In shifting, intensity of the ray, and can be far volume regulation. utilized ~'~ disk, the con- The is in the farm of & serrated tinuous rotation second diaphragm z hick induces a periodicity change in the t3.on of w conformably, a transversal length of the stroke and The oscillation of the sonic oscillations. ation frequency is deter- the oscillation form disk rotation ~ a mined by the velocity f the d the disk serrate of is determined serrations . The the configuration b by ubs Y in recording velocity of the film i g is tantiall veloc rotation back, due to w be lO to 20 times) lower than in playing hich it be.. cones manipulating the var-~ us hand/ Y mane. possible for the operator, by slaw/ p smooth and sensitive to exercise a es of the apparatus, io control over the properties ~,l~.at~,ensof the recorded osc , or to momentarily interrupt recording and resume it at any point. t the `oval devices : ~.ta. with a series of add The apparatus is equipped 4--,.~..,;? (crescendo and diminuendo of the sounds fre- ti ti l l o on modu a a modu quency modulation vibration , and the like. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 the problem on the rr5tandard ~.ts analyzed S. Ya. La.fsh ~.- zation of the Auz Y Threshold." In connection w 5th his ~.n- t d b~l~ phenomenon of ac- Phenam the sans on o ~.scri lensry d .at eeta. v g Declassified Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 ~.ntexesting ee?O the E. A. Shad.p completed sn nce In mus 3.a there is of m e 0 aa,~o b?Ct7.V8 analysis us~.aa1 performa 0~ tructuxe a m~.cros and by the composer, aced treat a t~a~xOs ere are b ~.'~ rY of c p .ng om os ethe theo ~il axt~,st. erforma. created by the p ha-~ been worked out in la t0rY of de~.pme ta.on has a long his nt and musical performance a.s only in its em of detaa.l the theory ~ xY thetas recording of music which is a re- The syn b . e w~,thout the know- cording of of a. stage. its ma.crostruCt'Ore a.s not possibl ~ usical performance, and the es of rn rocedur ledge of the objective p ~. . P ed e, 1imats the as s ibilnaturally, lack of this know.gtY of crew artistic recorat the present time. The important ding s ta.g arta. ? tin ?s an inval- n ~ r ecorda.g tha.ng is that the very method of synthetic a erformance. to the abec of music l perform ~ t~.ve study uable means . cording made by ?c b het? re cor s t t is the y~ nteres a ticular . Of par e sr Tha.s E A. Sp recaxda. g by means of the nvarjo hon p ,,r !drl l.,r9r ataofiis analysis. Such a d the Performance ge- ;th a.bilitY for the synthetic ~ the P oss onstrate clearly dem recording efforts creation of expressive mua.c, The further development of s a. ?c of t he physical analysis of music, endeavors first in the field a the aPPorsun.tY for filling provide be 'd ~. n b Y E. A p Shat o~ will rova. eh the musical and will enrich of music, a blank page in the science of erformance. d with new technical means p f a,el Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 cumulation, etc, he proposed standardizing the duration of the sonic impulse, of the break between the impulses, and of several other magnitudes in the impulse measurements of the audibility threshold. Proceeding from the phenomenon of fluctuation of the audi- bility threshold, the author proposed the acceptance of a level JYGLL / ~ICJ4la,.iC1/ at which 20 percent of the impulses ar '~~1e audibility threshold. hits told of his re.- In another communication, S Ya. Life~. Capacity of Sensabons in the ~' ?ta the uDiscra. g search ~.n?m~natin at1ng that the disc g of Hearing Modalities and Touch," n riminatin capacity integral of sensations is determined by the second of hearing, fluctuations of the phenomenon of accumulation, and fluc o first, fa.t, these phenomena were rela- the audibility ted to hearing athreshold. only, but further research established that they n ~. modalities of touch and vision. also occur in the sensory BY applying the statistical method to the quantitative measurements of the sensory threshold fluctuations, the number of elements of sensations qfor a threshold sensory per. requisite a E t3~on can be established. This number, in the case of the above ep two sensatians9 was . In a "Sound B. D. Tartakov- Transition Layers," report on rep results of the theoretical and experimental out the brought skiY on the propagation , particular, sonic investigation in off Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20: CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 waves through flat-heterogen.eoua media, and the computation ot apparatus providing for the complete transition or '617.6 sOAIC waves across the boundaries of the media with various acousti." cal parameters. Such apparatus was suggested by the author for the inoreaee in the efficiency of deflectoacopes, supersonic lenses and other supersonic technical instruments. Reporting on "The Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence upon the Propagation of Sound}" Y. A. Krasil'nikov dwelt upon his new ex- periments in the investigation of the internal structure of at- mospheric turbulences and in the clarification of the ratio be- tween the distances on the one hand, and the phase fluctuation and signal level fluctuation, on the other hand. The speaker noted that the experimental regularities observed are easily explained by the statistical theory of turbulences as developed by Kolmo- gorov and Obrukhov. In a report by G. S. Gorelik on "Some Problems in Statis- tics/ Acoustics " the importance and fxuitfulnesa of the statis- tical treatment of oscillation processes, particularly acoustical for purposes of research as well as for the design of new high- efficiency devices, were demonstrated. The method of measuring very small (o4 the order of magnitude of an angular second) phase ~ ns (or phase d3.fferen of radio-oscillations was described -- the method as developed by I. L. Bernshteyn in the Physico-Technical Institute of the Gor'k~e University -- and the Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 tests similar easy. Y for aond oss3 acting ~ . ~' and f P indisated. oustic~ was field of ac the ~.scuss d The r ~.on? eport was followed by a lively ? essen E L. t~.all.l oa.nted out that it is difi' ~`eYnbexg p cu ~. 9 onic pro-" e. ~.ona ~ in the convent . ~. erxod~.citY' features cult to nata .c p o to speak, the~'ourier n into ans ~,a and an exp cress, integral is, s an artificial ?la.zation for b operation justified only Y he utilization w~.dth of the while the ' s stem-3, analysis of linear electrical sound coincides in magnitude and ? with banal of conven ~ frequency b ?e, he statistical ~- band and> theref of c fre ueny of the ba the mean q ' There is a di . compulsory t~.call . p approach to acaust~Gs is rac Y ~.s, and stical analysis, analysis and stag e uency t link betvreen r q rec 'aof os' from the function of correlation 11.ations can be derived. the spectral compas ita. as demonstrated ~~ . with tha.s Together w c3. treatment, a systematic Y available experience, as the more ad- b a r l.ts. esu a number of cases brims faster r uate in eq , of the p" I. D. y importance devel.o em hasiZed the ~ asnikov p went of statistical methods for acoustical k to be per measurements and P oin- n signal too weak ~ tad out that for perceived on me asur~ a s it is necessary noise in the amplifier, a. ant of the inherent noz aGGa to resort to acoustical modulation. of the device for the I E. Gar on development on spoke on the f modula- the method o small acoustical noises by of tion. Lion. Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 In s aommuniaation on the "Statistical Oha'aoteritiC$ of the Proaeases in Architectural Aaouatics," S. G. Gershirtafl cited the reaulta ehe obtained in the experimental determination of the coefficients of auto-correlation of stationary (in the probable sense) noises. She dwelt briefly on the direst-measurement me- thod of the acoustical ratio (the ra~Lo of the intensity of direct sound to the intensity of reflected sound in an enclosure) by means of measuring the coefficient of correlation. N. N. Andreyev, in summarizing the discussion on the prob- lems of statistical acoustics, pointed out that the methods of statistical physics are as yet inadequately utilized in acous- tics. It is important to expand their field of application, since they create the possibility for valuable experimental observa- tions and for obtaining results which are of great importance in the field of engineering. He recommended that the textbooks an acoustics being readied for publication should include the re- ;,ults of the research by Soviet acoustical specialists in the realm of statistical phenomena. tiResolution on the Problems session accepted a The lenar Y session plenary of the Creation of E1ectro..Acoustical P es " This resa- A aratus P the design of the measuring mi- the merits ~.on lut P emphasized of mmun~.cat~.ons ~ of Ca e uP~r~..3 built by the Nix- 100 Ministry ~ b cro hon and the necessity design for an-- al submitting the d was accepted of ?s to the All-Union Research Institute of Metrology, for the s ~. Y in the event turning z. purpose of turning it over for mass production Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 - 23 - B. D. Tartakovakiy Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/20 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000200050007-8 approval by the above Institute. It was also emphasized that regardless of the growing demand for measuring acoustical ap- paratus by research establishments and industrial enterprises, the production and deliveries of the above are not yet organized. Inasmuch as some research establishments arrived at vaxioua de- signs of noise meters it is necessary that the TRPAMPSS conduct a aeries of comparative tests with the objective of selecting the models most suited to mass production. Tam orar~r technical tions for mass consum iop ec P noise meters were confirmed as follows -t~t ~10 ~i~ 60 to .. bands from frequency a effective change in the frequency char b imul.tanexus gacteristic ~. ?n steps p to u ~,evels a~ ? h for various sw~.tc with the throw-over 0 decibels); be from 35 to 150 of sonic press c the range urea to decibels. of acoustical c 1 The desirability a ~.bratiop, was indicated of the onnect ? e in noise meters ~.ters, and the resent P ~.on of f~. c ? a loudness scale along with the decibel scale.

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